Yini Ebangela I-Thermal Stress ku-Shell-and- ipayipi isishintshi sokushisa s?

Izishintshi zokushisa ze-Shell-and-tube zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekupholiseni izimboni, ukucubungula amakhemikhali, ukukhiqiza amandla, isiqandisi, kanye nezinhlelo zokubuyisela ukushisa. Badlulisa ukushisa phakathi koketshezi olubili ngenkathi begcina ukuhlukana phakathi kwamasekethe aseceleni kwegobolondo kanye ne-tube-side.

Kodwa-ke, ukudlulisa ukushisa kuphinda kubangele izingxenye zensimbi ezingaphakathi kwesishintshi ukuthi zande futhi zinciphe.

Lapho igobolondo, amashubhu, amashubhu, noma ezinye izingxenye ezixhunyiwe zithola amazinga okushisa ahlukene, zingase zizame ukwanda ngamanani ahlukene. Uma ukunyakaza kwabo kuvinjelwe, ukucindezeleka kwemishini kungakhula.

Lokhu kucindezeleka kubaluleke kakhulu kuzishintshi zokushisa zeshidi elingaguquki, lapho amashubhu negobolondo kuxhunywe ngokwesakhiwo kuzo zombili iziphetho.

Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuphindaphindiwe, ukuqalisa ngokushesha, ukuvala shaqa kungazelelwe, nezimo zokusebenza ezingavamile kungadala ukulayisha okushisayo okwengeziwe.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukucindezeleka okushisayo okwedlulele kungase kube nomthelela ekuvuzeni kwe-tube-to-tubesheet ukuvuza, ukuguqulwa, ukuqhekeka kokukhathala, noma omunye umonakalo wemishini.

Ukucindezeleka okushisayo akunqunywa izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kuphela. Kuya ngokusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa, izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuvinjelwa kwesakhiwo, kanye nendlela izimo zokusebenza ezishintsha ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi yini ebangela ukucindezeleka okushisayo emazingeni okushisa egobolondo neshubhu, lapho umonakalo ungase wenzeke khona, ukuthi izakhiwo zokushintshanisa ezihlukene zikwamukela kanjani ukunwetshwa kokushisa, nokuthi yini onjiniyela nabathengi bezimboni okufanele baqinisekise ngaphambi kokukhetha okokusebenza.

1. Yini I-Thermal Stress kuShell-and- ipayipi isishintshi sokushisa ?

1.1 Ukuqonda Ukunwetshwa Kwezifudumezi

Izinto eziningi zensimbi ziyakhula lapho kushisa futhi zincipha lapho zipholile.

Ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okufanayo, ukunwetshwa kwamahhala kokushisa kwengxenye eqondile kungalinganiselwa ngalokhu:

ΔL = α × L × ΔT

Kuphi:

• ΔL = Shintsha ubude

• α = I-coefficient yomugqa wokunweba okushisayo

• L = Ubude bangempela

• ΔT = Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa

Lobu budlelwano buchaza inguquko yobude ebingenzeka uma ingxenye ibikhululekile ukunwetshwa.

Akukona, ngokwayo, ukubala ukucindezeleka kusishintshi sokushisa esiphelele.

1.2 Ukuthi Ukunwetshwa Kwezifudumezi Kuba Kanjani Ingcindezi Yokushisa

Ukwanda okushisayo akudali ngokuzenzakalelayo ukucindezeleka okweqile kwemishini.

Uma ingxenye yensimbi ingakhula ngokukhululekile, ubukhulu bayo bungashintsha ngaphandle kokukhiqiza izingcindezi ezifanayo zokuzibamba ezihlobene noxhumo olungaguquki.

Ingcindezi yokushisa iqala lapho ukuwohloka kokushisa kuvinjelwe, kukhawulelwe kancane, noma kungahambelani nokunyakaza kwezingxenye ezixhunyiwe.

Kumshini wokushisa wegobolondo neshubhu, igobolondo, amashubhu, nama-tubesheet akha uhlaka lwemishini oluxhumene.

Uma lezi zingxenye zizama ukwanda noma zifinyela ngokuhlukile, amandla nezikhathi zingathuthuka ekuxhumekeni kwazo.

1.2.1 I-Thermal Strain vs. Thermal Stress

I-Thermal strain ichaza ukwakheka okuhambisana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.

Ukucindezeleka okushisayo kuchaza impendulo yangaphakathi yemishini lapho lokho kuguqulwa kuvinjelwe.

Ingxenye ingase ibe nokwanda okushisayo okushisayo ngaphandle kwengcindezi eyeqile uma ukunyakaza kwayo kuvunyelwe ngokufanele.

Ngokuphambene, ukunyakaza okuhlukile okuncane kungadala ingcindezi yendawo ebalulekile emhlanganweni oqinile, ovinjelwe kakhulu.

1.2.1.1 Kungani Ukunyakaza Okuncane Kungabaluleka

Ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ishubhu lingadinga kuphela ukwanda ngamamilimitha ambalwa.

Uma iziphetho zombili zivinjelwe amashidi e-tube ahleliwe, lokhu kwandiswa akukwazi ukwenzeka ngokuzimela kwesakhiwo esizungezile.

Amandla avelayo ancike ekuqina kanye nejometri yeshubhu, igobolondo, i-tube sheet, namajoyinti.

Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola i-micromomentum evumelekile kuyisici esibalulekile sokwakheka kwemishini.

1.3 I-Thermal Stress Ihlukile Kungcindezi Yokucindezela

Ukucindezeleka kwengcindezi nokucindezeleka okushisayo kunezimbangela ezihlukahlukene zomzimba.

Ingcindezi yokucindezela ibangelwa izingcindezi zangaphakathi noma zangaphandle ezisebenza emingceleni yengcindezi yesishintshi sokushisa.

Ukucindezeleka okushisayo kubangelwa ukuguquguquka okuncike ekushiseni kanye nezingqinamba.

Kokubili kungahlalisana.

Isishintshi sokushisa singase sihlangabezane nezidingo zedizayini yaso yokucindezela, kodwa ukunwetshwa kwezinga lokushisa nemiphumela yesikhashana yezinga lokushisa lisadinga ukuhlolwa ngokuhlukana.

Idizayini yokugcina yemishini kufanele icabangele zonke izinhlanganisela zomthwalo osebenzayo.

Ukuze uthole isingeniso sezingxenye eziyinhloko, bona okuthi Aidear izishintshi zokushisa zegobolondo namashubhu Kuchaziwe Isimiso Sokusebenza.

2. Yini Ebangela I-Thermal Stress ku-Shell-and- ipayipi isishintshi sokushisa s?

2.1 I-Shell-Side Ehlukile kanye ipayipi -Amazinga Okushisa E-Side Metal

Enye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokucindezeleka okushisayo umehluko phakathi kwamazinga okushisa egobolondo ne-tube bundle.

Isibonelo, uketshezi lwenqubo eshisayo lungase lujikeleze ngamashubhu kuyilapho uketshezi olupholile lugeleza egobolondweni.

Amashubhu kanye negobolondo kungase kube nesilinganiso esihlukile sokushisa sensimbi.

Ngenxa yalokho, bazama ukwanda ngamanani ahlukene.

Kumiklamo ye-fixed-tubesheet, lokhu kunwetshwa kokushisa okuhlukile kukhawulelwe ukuxhumana phakathi kwegobolondo, amashubhu, nama-tubesheet.

Amandla emishini avelayo kufanele ahlolwe ngesikhathi sokuklama.

2.2 Ama-Coefficients Ahlukene Wokunweba Okushisayo

Izinto ezihlukile zingase zibe nama-coefficients ahlukene wokunweba okushisayo.

Isibonelo, insimbi engagqwali ne-carbon steel ingase ikhule ngamanani ahlukene ngaphansi koshintsho olufanayo lokushisa.

Uma ama-alloy ahlukene exhunywe kusishintshi sokushisa esifanayo, ukunyakaza kwawo kokushisa kungase kungafani ngisho noma ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kufana.

Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kufanele kucabangele okungaphezu nje kokumelana nokugqwala kanye ne-thermal conductivity.

I-coefficient yokunwetshwa kwe-thermal, izakhiwo ezinwebekayo, ukucindezeleka okuvumelekile, nobubanzi bezinga lokushisa lokusebenza kubaluleke ngokufanayo.

2.3 Ukuqalisa Ngokushesha Nokuvala

Ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, ezinye izingxenye zokushintshanisa zingashisa ngokushesha kakhulu kunezinye.

Isibonelo, uketshezi olushisayo olungena emshinini wokushintshisana obandayo ngaphambili lungase lunyuse ngokushesha izinga lokushisa lendawo yokungena kanye namashubhu aseduze.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, igobolondo, ama-tubesheet akude, kanye nezingxenye ezisekelayo kungase kuhlale kupholile.

Lokhu kungalingani kwezinga lokushisa kwesikhashana kungadala izingcindezi zokushisa zasendaweni.

Ngesikhathi sokuvala, izingxenye ezifanayo zingaphola ngamanani ahlukene.

2.3.1 Kungani Ukucindezeleka Kwesikhashana Kungadlula Ingcindezi Yesimo Esizinzile

Uma isishintshi sokushisa sifinyelela esimweni sokusebenza esizinzile, ukusabalalisa kwezinga lokushisa lensimbi kuba okufanayo noma kubonisa iphethini ebikezelwayo.

Nokho, ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, inkambu yokushisa iyaqhubeka nokushintsha.

Ezinye izingxenye zingase zibe nomehluko omkhulu wezinga lokushisa noma ukunwetshwa okwesikhashana.

Ngakho-ke, ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwemishini kungase kwenzeke ngaphambi kokuba isishintshi sokushisa sifinyelele izimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile.

2.3.1.1 Kungani Amazinga Okushisa Edizayini Ewodwa Engase Anganele

Umthengi angacacisa kuphela izinga lokushisa elivamile le-inlet ne-outlet fluid.

Lawa manani awusizo ekukhetheni i-thermodynamic, kodwa angase angachazi izimo zemishini ezidingeka kakhulu.

Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezibandakanya ukushisisa okusheshayo noma ukupholisa, umphakeli angase futhi adinge izinga lokushisa lokuqalisa, izinga lokushisa lokushintsha, ukulandelana kokusebenza, nezinye izimo zesikhashana.

2.4 Ukusabalalisa Kwezinga Lokushisa Okungalingani Ngaphakathi Kwe-Exchange

Ingcindezi yokushisa ingase ikhule lapho izifunda ezihlukene zengxenye efanayo zisebenza kumazinga okushisa ahlukene.

Izimbangela ezingase zibe khona zihlanganisa:

• Ukusatshalaliswa kokugeleza kohlangothi lwegobolondo olungalingani

• Ukugeleza okuseceleni kweshubhu okungajwayelekile

• Ukungcoliswa kwendawo

• ipayipi ukuvinjwa

• Ukushisa okungalingani noma ukupholisa

• Amaphethini wokugeleza wokungena angathandeki

Lezi zimo zingase zidale izindawo ezishisayo zendawo noma izindawo ezibandayo.

Ama-gradient ashisayo angaba umphumela angabangela ukugoba, ukuhlanekezela, nokugxila kwengcindezi yendawo.

2.5 I-Thermal Cycling ephindaphindiwe

Ezinye izinqubo zezimboni zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo ezimeni ezizinzile.

Ezinye zidinga ukuqalisa njalo, ukuvala shaqa, ukushisisa, noma imijikelezo yokupholisa.

Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuphindaphindiwe kukhiqiza ukuguqulwa okuphindaphindiwe komshini.

Lapho ingcindezi ewumphumela noma ububanzi bobunzima buqine ngokwanele, umonakalo wokukhathala unganqwabelana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lokhu ngokuvamile kuchazwa njengokukhathala okushisayo.

Ingozi incike emijikelezweni yezinga lokushisa, izakhiwo ezibonakalayo, i-geometry, ukugxila kwengcindezi, nomlando wokusebenza.

2.6 Izimo Zenqubo Engavamile

Imicimbi yokusebenza engajwayelekile ingase idale ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa okuhluke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuvamile.

Izibonelo zifaka:

• Ukulahleka kokugeleza kwe-tube-side

• Ukulahleka kokugeleza kohlangothi lwegobolondo

• Ukuphazamiseka okungazelelwe kwamanzi okupholisa

• Ukuhlanza i-steam noma ukukhipha umusi

• Ukuvala shaqa kwenqubo esheshayo

• Isingeniso esingalindelekile soketshezi olushisayo

• Izinguquko ezisheshayo emsebenzini wokushisa

Lezi zimo zingadinga ukuhlaziywa okwengeziwe kwe-thermal-mechanical.

Idizayini elungele ukusebenza okuzinzile ayilungele ngokuzenzakalelayo zonke izimo zokucasuka.

3. I-Thermal Stress Yaqala Kuphi Ngaphakathi Kwe-Exchange?

3.1 ipayipi ishidi kanye ne-Shell Connections

I-tubesheet ihlukanisa uketshezi oluseceleni kwegobolondo kuketshezi oluseceleni kweshubhu futhi lusekele inqwaba yeshubhu.

Kumshini wokushisa we-tubesheet ongashintshi, womabili ama-tubeshiet axhunywe kugobolondo, futhi inqwaba yeshubhu igxiliwe phakathi kwama-tubeshi amabili.

Lolu hlelo lukhawulela ukunwetshwa komehluko.

Imithwalo yemishini ewumphumela ingaholela ekugobeni kwe-tubesheet, ukucindezeleka kwe-axial kumashubhu, nokucindezeleka ekuhlanganeni kwe-shell-tube.

3.2 ipayipi -kuya- ipayipi Amalungu eshidi

ipayipi -to-tubesheet amalunga kufanele agcine uxhumano lwemishini oludingekayo kanye nokuhlukaniswa koketshezi.

Lawa malungu angase asebenzise i-welding, ukunwetshwa kwemishini, noma inhlanganisela efanelekile, kuye ngomklamo.

Ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe okuhlukile noma ukulayisha ngokweqile kungathinta ubuqotho bamalunga.

Imiphumela engaba khona ihlanganisa ukuvuza, ukuwohloka kwendawo, noma ukulimala koxhumo.

Nokho, ukuvuza akubona ubufakazi bokucindezeleka okushisayo kuphela.

Ukugqwala, ukudlidliza, amaphutha okukhiqiza, nezinye izindlela kungase kuveze izimpawu ezifanayo.

3.3 ipayipi Izifunda ze-Bundle ne-U-Bend

Ishubhu ingase ibe ngaphansi kwemithwalo ye-axial, ukugoba, noma ama-gradients okushisa asendaweni.

Ku-U-tube heat exchanger, ishubhu eligobile linikeza ukuguquguquka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokunwetshwa kwe-axial thermal.

Kodwa-ke, indawo ye-U-bend ayivikelekile ngokuphelele ekucindezelekeni kwemishini.

Ukuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo okuphindaphindiwe, ukuhluka kwezinga lokushisa kwendawo, ukudlidliza okubangelwa ukugeleza, nezinye izimo zomthwalo zisadinga ukuhlolwa.

3.4 Amagobolondo, amaWelds, namaNozzles

Ukucindezeleka okushisayo akugcini nje ku-tube bundle.

Igobolondo lingathola ama-gradient ashisayo ngobude balo noma ngokuqina kodonga lwalo.

Uxhumo olushiselwe kanye nemibhobho kungase nakho kuhlangabezane nengcindezi yendawo ebangelwa ukuwohloka kokushisa kanye nokuvimbela amapayipi angaphandle.

3.4.1 Kungani Kufanele Kucatshangelwe Imithwalo Yamapayipi

Uma amapayipi axhunyiwe ekhawulela ukunyakaza kwesishintshisi noma idlulisela amandla amaningi nezikhathi emibhobho yayo, ukulayishwa komshini kungase kukhuphuke.

Umthelela uncike ekuhlelweni kosekelo, ukuguquguquka kwamapayipi, ukunwetshwa okushisayo kwesistimu exhunyiwe, nokwakhiwa kwesishintshi.

3.4.1.1 isishintshi sokushisa Ukunwetshwa Nokunwetshwa Kwepayipi Kuwukuhlolwa Kwedizayini Okuhlukile

Izinqwaba zamashubhu angaphakathi nezinhlelo zamapayipi zangaphandle zingase zibe nezidingo ezihlukene zokunwetshwa kokushisa nokufinyela.

Ngisho nedizayini yesinxephezelo sokunwetshwa yangaphakathi, isishintshi sokushisa singase sibhekane nemithwalo yenozzle yangaphandle eyeqile.

Uma kunesidingo, ukwakheka komshini wesishintshi sokushisa kanye nokuhlaziywa kokuguquguquka kwamapayipi kufanele kuhlanganiswe.

4. Kungani I-Fixed- ipayipi ishidi isishintshi sokushisa I-Sensitive to Thermal Stress?

4.1 I-Fixed- ipayipi sheet Construction Restrains Expansion

Isishintshi seshidi elingaguquki sisebenzisa amashubhu aqondile axhunywe phakathi kwama-tubesheet amabili, nama-tubesheet anamathiselwe kugobolondo.

Izixhumanisi ezigxilile zikhawulela ukunyakaza okuzimele kwe-axial phakathi kwenqwaba yeshubhu negobolondo.

Uma amashubhu negobolondo lizama ukwanda ngamanani ahlukene, uhlelo lwesakhiwo luthuthukisa amandla okugcina ukuhambisana kokuguquguquka.

Yingakho ukunwetshwa kokushisa okuhlukile kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokwakhiwa kweshidi elingaguquki.

4.2 Kungani I-Fixed- ipayipi Amashidi Okushintshanisa Asasetshenziswa Kakhulu

Imiklamo ye-Fixed-tubesheet inikeza izinzuzo ezingokoqobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zezimboni.

Ngokuya ngokucushwa, lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukwakhiwa okuqondile ngokuqhathaniswa

• Ukuhlelwa komshini ohlangene

• Ukufinyelela okulula kokuhlanza okufanelekile kwe-tube-side

• Okungenzeka kube yinkimbinkimbi yokukhiqiza kunemiklamo ethile ekhiphekayo

Zingafaneleka lapho izimo zokulayisha ezishisayo nezemishini zamukelekile.

Ukuba khona kokuhluka kwezinga lokushisa akwenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo isishintshi seshidi elingaguquki singafaneleki.

4.3 Lapho Ijoyinti Lokunwetshwa Lingase Licatshangelwe

Ijoyinti yokukhulisa igobolondo inganikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe kumklamo ofanelekile weshidi leshubhu elingashintshi.

Kungase kunciphise amandla ahlobene nokunwetshwa kwe-axial thermal ehlukile.

Kodwa-ke, ukungeza ijoyinti lokunweba kwethula ezinye izinto ezicatshangelwayo zokuklama.

Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise:

• Ingcindezi iyalayisha

• Ukunyakaza kwe-axial

• Impilo yokukhathala

• Ukuzinza kwemishini

• Imikhawulo yokufaka

• Izidingo zokuhlola

• Ukulayisha kwangaphandle

4.3.1 Kungani I-Expansion Joint Ingesona Isixazululo Esijwayelekile

Ijoyinti yokwandisa ingasiza ekubambeni ukunyakaza kwe-axial kodwa ayixazululi ngokuzimela yonke inkinga yokucindezeleka okushisayo.

Ama-gradient okushisa endawo, ukucindezelwa kwe-tube-to-tubesheet, imithwalo yengcindezi, neminye imiphumela yomshini kungase kuhlale kubalulekile.

4.3.1.1 Yini Okufanele Iqinisekiswe Ngaphambi Kokwengeza I-Expansion Joint?

Abaklami kufanele bahlole ukufuduka okulindelekile, ingcindezi yokusebenza, ukucindezelwa, izidingo zokukhathala, imithwalo yokuxhuma, kanye nokucaciswa kwedizayini esebenzayo.

Ukukhethwa kwamalunga okunweba kufanele kusekelwe ekuhloleni okubanzi komshini, futhi akufanele kwengezwe ngokunganaki ngenxa yokuthi isishintshi sokushisa sisebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

5. Ishidi ipayipi elilungisiwe vs. U- ipayipi vs. Ikhanda Elintantayo: Iyiphi Ephethe Ukunwetshwa Kwezishisayo Kangcono?

5.1 Fixed- ipayipi ishidi isishintshi sokushisa s

Imiklamo yeshidi elingaguquki icindezela ukunyakaza kwe-axial okuhlukile phakathi kwegobolondo nenqwaba yeshubhu eqondile.

Lokhu kungadala izingcindezi zokushisa lapho izingxenye zithola ukwanda okuhlukile kokushisa.

Idizayini ingase ifaneleke uma ukucindezelwa kwemishini okuhlanganisiwe kwanelisa izidingo ezisebenzayo.

5.2 U- ipayipi isishintshi sokushisa s

Isishintshi se-U-tube sisebenzisa amashubhu agotshwe abe umumo ongu-U, aneziphetho zombili ezivikelwe kushidi elivamile leshubhu.

Ukuhlelwa kweshubhu eligobile kuvumela inqwaba yeshubhu ukuthi ithwale ukunyakaza okushisayo ngokuhlukile kunomklamo weshidi leshubhu eliqondile leshubhu eliqondile.

Lokhu kunganciphisa ukuvinjelwa kwe-axial okuhlobene nokunwetshwa kwegobolondo kuya kushubhu.

Kodwa-ke, ama-U-tubes angase adale izinselele ezengeziwe zokuhlanza imishini yangaphakathi kanye nemisebenzi ethile yokulungisa.

Ukukhathala kwe-U-goba kanye nengcindezi yendawo yokushisa kusafanele kuhlolwe lapho kufanele khona.

5.3 Ikhanda Elintantayo isishintshi sokushisa s

Izishintshi zokushisa zekhanda elintantayo zivumela isiphetho esingemuva senqwaba yeshubhu ukuthi sinyakaze ngokuhlobene negobolondo.

Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhluka kwe-axial coefficient yokunwetshwa kwe-thermal.

Ngokuya ngomklamo othize, izishintshisi zokushisa ezintantayo ziphinde zivumele ukuhlakazwa kwenqwaba yamashubhu ukuze kulungiswe.

Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka komshini kwezishintshi zokushisa ezintantayo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kungase kudinge izinto zokuvala ezengeziwe nezindlela zokunakekela.

5.4 Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezindawo Zokuhlala Zokunwetshwa Kwezishisayo

Ukucushwa okulungile kuncike emazingeni okushisa okusebenza, izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, izidingo zengcindezi, izidingo zokuhlanza, kanye nezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila.

I-U-tube noma isishintshi sekhanda elintantayo singanciphisa izingcindezi ezithile zokwandiswa komehluko, kodwa awukho umklamo oqeda zonke izindlela zokucindezeleka okushisayo.

6. Isibonelo Sobunjiniyela: Kungakanani Ukunwetshwa Okuhlukile Okungenzeka?

6.1 Izimo eziqanjiwe isishintshi sokushisa

Cabangela isishintshi sokushisa sethubhu eqondile engokomfanekiso esinokuqagela okulandelayo:

Amazinga okushisa enziwe lula ama-avareji afanayo ukuze aboniswe.

Ama-coefficients ayahlawumbisela futhi akufanele athathe indawo yezinto ezincike kuzinga lokushisa ekwakhiweni kokusebenza.

6.2 Bala Ukunwetshwa Kwamahhala Kokushisa

Okwenqwaba yeshubhu:

ipayipi Ukunwetshwa = 12 × 10⁻⁶ × 4 × 100

ipayipi Ukunwetshwa = 0.0048 m = 4.8 mm

Okwegobolondo:

Ukunwetshwa kweShell = 12 × 10⁻⁶ × 4 × 60

Ukunwetshwa kweShell = 0.00288 m = 2.88 mm

Umehluko ekwandiseni okushisayo kwamahhala ngu:

Ukwandiswa Okuhlukile = 4.8 − 2.88 = 1.92 mm

Ngaphansi kokuqagela okwenziwe lula, inqwaba yeshubhu ingazama ukunweba cishe ngo-1.92 mm ngaphezu kwegobolondo.

6.3 Kungani u-1.92 mm Engakunqumi Ngokuqondile Ingcindezi

Ukususwa okubaliwe kumelela umehluko phakathi kokunwetshwa okubili okucatshangelwayo okushisayo okushisayo.

Akukona ukuwohloka okulinganiselwe kokushintshisana okuhlanganisiwe.

Ekwakhiweni kwe-tubesheet engaguquki, amandla okugcina nokucindezeleka kuncike ekuqineni nasejometri yesakhiwo sonke esixhunyiwe.

Izici ezibalulekile zihlanganisa ukubala kweshubhu, ukujiya kodonga lwamashubhu, ukuqina kwegobolondo, ukuqina kwe-tubesheet, izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, imithwalo yengcindezi, nokusabalalisa kwangempela kwezinga lokushisa.

6.3.1 Kungani Ukubala Okulula Okunwebeka Kwamahhala Kuwusizo

Lesi sibalo sibonisa ukuthi ukugudluzwa okuhlukile kufanele kuhlolwe ngisho noma zombili izingxenye zisebenzisa into efanayo yegama.

Isiza ukukhomba ukubaluleka kwezinguquko ezihambelana nezinga lokushisa kanye nobude obusebenzayo bezingxenye.

Nokho, ayikwazi ukunquma ukuthi isishintshi sokushisa siphephile yini.

6.3.1.1 Yini Edingekayo Ekuhloleni Ukucindezeleka Komshini?

Ukuhlolwa komklamo womshini kungase kudinge:

• Igobolondo langempela nobukhulu beshubhu

• ipayipi ijiyomethri yeshidi

• Izinto ezibonakalayo ezincike kuzinga lokushisa

• Izingcindezi zokusebenza nokuklama

• Amazinga okushisa ensimbi

• Ukwandiswa kwe-thermal okuhlukile

• Izimo ezifanele zokuzibamba kanye nokusekela

• Amacala adingekayo okusebenza nawokulayisha okwesikhashana

Ukubala okusekelwe kukhodi noma ukuhlaziywa okunemininingwane efanele kufanele kwenziwe.

6.4 Kuthiwani Uma ipayipi kanye Nezisetshenziswa Ze-Shell Zihlukile?

Uma izinto zehluka, umehluko owenziwe lula ekwandiseni i-axial yamahhala ungavezwa kanje:

Ukwandiswa Okuhlukile = L × (αt × ΔTt − αs × ΔTs)

Kuphi:

• αt = ipayipi i-coefficient yokunwetshwa kokubalulekile

• αs = I-coefficient yokwandisa impahla ye-Shell

• ΔTt = Shintsha kushubhu kusho izinga lokushisa lensimbi

• ΔTs = Ukushintsha kwegobolondo kusho izinga lokushisa lensimbi

Lesi sisho sithatha ubude bereferensi obujwayelekile kanye nezinguquko zokushisa ezifanayo ezenziwe lula.

Kumashintshi wangempela, i-geometry nokuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa eduze kwezingxenye kungase kudinge ukubala okunemininingwane eyengeziwe.

I-equation akufanele ithathwe njenge-tubesheet ephelele noma ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka komkhumbi.

7. Ukuqalisa, Ukuvalwa, Nokuhamba Ngebhayisikili Okushisayo Kukuthinta Kanjani Ukukhathala?

7.1 Ukushintsha Okusheshayo Kwezinga Lokushisa Nokushisa Okushisayo

Ukushaqeka okushisayo kubhekisela emiphumeleni yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa ngokushesha kanye nama-gradients okushisa okuba umphumela.

Isibonelo, ukujova ngokushesha uketshezi lwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwisishintshi sokushisa esisezingeni eliphansi kungabangela indawo yokungena ukuthi ishise ngokushesha kakhulu kunezinye izingxenye.

Lokhu kungadala ingcindezi ebalulekile yendawo ngaphambi kokuba izinga lokushisa lensimbi lenqwaba lizinze.

7.2 Imijikelezo ephindaphindiwe kanye nokulimala kokukhathala

Ukukhathala okushisayo kwenzeka lapho ukushisa okuphindaphindiwe nokupholisa kudala ingcindezi noma ubunzima.

Nakuba inani lemijikelezo libalulekile, ukushuba kwaleyo mijikelezo kubalulekile ngokulinganayo.

Amasistimu ahlangabezana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuncane, kancane kancane angase aziphathe ngendlela ehluke kakhulu kumasistimu abhekana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuvamisile, okunamandla.

7.3 Imicimbi Ekhethekile Edinga Ukubukezwa

Imicimbi ethile ingadinga kakhulu kunomsebenzi ovamile wokukhiqiza.

Lezi zindlela zidinga ukuhlolwa okuqondene nephrojekthi kunomkhawulo wokusebenza jikelele.

7.4 Ungayehlisa Kanjani Ingozi Yokuhamba Ngebhayisikili

Izindlela ezingenzeka zihlanganisa:

• Ichaza ukuqalisa okulawulwayo nokulandelana kokuvala shaqa

• Ukuxhumanisa isingeniso samanzi kanye nezinguquko zokushisa

• Ukubuyekeza imvamisa nokuqina kwemijikelezo yokushisa

• Ukukhetha ukucushwa kwesishintshisi esifanele ngomshini

• Ukuqapha amazinga okushisa angavamile nezimo zokugeleza

• Ihlola izindawo ezaziwayo ezizwelayo ekucindezelekeni

Izinguquko ezinqubweni zokuqalisa noma zokuvala umsebenzi kufanele zibuyekezwe onjiniyela abaqeqeshiwe.

Ukulandelana okufanele kuncike enqubweni nasezimfuneko zokuphepha kwemishini yokucindezela.

8. Onjiniyela Bangakuhlola Futhi Banciphise Kanjani Ukucindezeleka Okushisayo?

8.1 Buyekeza Zonke Idizayini Efanelekile Nezimo Zokusebenza

Ukuhlola komshini oshisayo kufanele kucabangele indawo yokusebenza engaphezu kweyodwa evamile.

Izimo ezidingekayo zingabandakanya:

• Ukusebenza okujwayelekile kokulayisha okugcwele

• Ukusebenza kokulayisha okuncane

• Ukuqalisa nokuvala shaqa

• Umehluko omkhulu wezinga lokushisa

• Izingcindezi eziphezulu nezincane

• Izinqubo zokuhlanza nokushisa

• Izimo zokulahleka kokugeleza

• Izimo zokuphatheka kabi kwenqubo

Ikesi yengcindezi yokushisa enzima kakhulu ingase ingaqondani nengcindezi enkulu yokuklama noma izinga lokushisa elivamile lokusebenza.

8.2 Sebenzisa Imithetho Efanelekile Yokuklanywa Kwemishini

Ngokuya ngephrojekthi, amandla, kanye nokwakhiwa kwemishini esebenzayo, izinkomba zobunjiniyela ezifanele zingabandakanya:

• ASME Ikhodi Yebhoyili Nomkhumbi Wokucindezela, Isigaba VIII

• Izinhlinzeko zeNgxenye Esebenzayo ye-UHX yamashidi amashubhu okushintshanisa amagobolondo neshubhu

• Izindinganiso ze-TEMA

• I-EN 13445 yemikhumbi yengcindezi engashi esebenzayo

• Amanye amakhodi noma imininingwane ethile yephrojekthi

Lezi zithenjwa azinawo ama-scopes afanayo.

Umthengi nomphakeli kufanele bavumelane ngekhodi esebenzayo, i-edishini, isisekelo sokuklama komshini, kanye nezimfuneko zamadokhumenti.

Ukusebenzisa izinga elaziwayo ekubaleni akusunguli ngokuzenzakalelayo isitifiketi noma ukugxivizwa kwekhodi.

8.3 Sebenzisa Ukuhlaziya Okushisayo Nesakhiwo Ndawonye

Ukuhlaziywa kokushisa kusetshenziselwa ukunquma izinga lokushisa nokuziphatha kokudlulisa ukushisa ngaphakathi kwesishintshi sokushisa.

Ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuguquguquka okuwumphumela, amandla, nezingcindezi.

Ezimweni zesikhashana eziyinkimbinkimbi, onjiniyela bangasebenzisa izibalo zokushisa ezishintshashintshayo kanye nokuhlaziya izinto ezinomkhawulo.

Lezi zindlela zisiza ukukhomba ukugxila kwengcindezi yendawo noma izimo ezibalulekile zokuqalisa.

Kodwa-ke, ukunemba kwemiphumela kuncike ezimweni ezifanele zomngcele, izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, i-geometry, nokuqinisekiswa.

8.4 Khetha Ukucushwa Kwemishini Okufanelekile

Izindlela ezingenzeka zokuklama zihlanganisa:

• Ukugcina ukwakhiwa kweshidi elingaguquki lapho ukuqinisekiswa ngomshini kwanelisa

• Kucatshangelwa ijoyinti lokunweba lapho kufanele khona

• Ukuhlola ukwakhiwa kwe-U-tube

• Ukulinganisa ukwakhiwa kwekhanda elintantayo

• Ukulungisa izinto zokusebenza noma imininingwane yesakhiwo lapho kufaneleke khona

• Ukubuyekeza izinhlelo zokusekela namapayipi

• Ukushintsha izinqubo zokusebenza lapho kusebenza khona

Ayikho indlela eyodwa efanele wonke umshintshisi.

8.5 Kubandakanya ukuHlelwa Kokuhlola Nokunakekela

Emishinini yokusebenza, ukuhlolwa kufanele kugxile ezindaweni ezihlobene nendlela yokulimala yangempela kanye nomlando wokusebenza.

Imisebenzi efanelekile ingase ihlanganise ukuhlola ukuvuza, ukuhlola ukuxhunywa kweshidi lamashubhu, ukuhlola amashidi afinyeleleka kalula, ukubukeza amathrendi okusebenza, kanye nokwenza ukuhlolwa okufanele okungabhubhisi (NDT) njengoba kudingeka.

Amasu okuhlola angenzeka ancike ekwakhiweni kwesishintshi sokushisa, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, ukufinyeleleka, kanye nomonakalo okusolisayo.

Ukuvuza kwengozi kufanele kuphenywe futhi kungamane kubalulwe ukucindezelwa okushisayo.

9. Yiziphi Izimpawu Eziyisixwayiso Zokulimala Kwengcindezi Yokushisa?

9.1 ipayipi -kuya- ipayipi Ukuvuza kweshidi

Ukuvuza eduze kwamalunga e-tube-to-tubesheet kungabonisa ukulahlekelwa ubuqotho bamalunga.

Ukulayisha okushisayo kungase kube umnikeli oyedwa.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izindlela kufanele zicatshangelwe, okuhlanganisa ukugqwala, ukudlidliza, ukuguguleka, kanye nokukhubazeka kokukhiqiza.

9.2 Ukuqhekeka Eduze Kwezixhumi Ezishiselwe

Imifantu ingase ibonakale ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu, ephindaphindayo.

Izinzwane zokushisela, ukunqanyulwa kwejiyomethri, nezinye izindawo zokuhlushwa kwengcindezi zingadinga ukunakwa okukhethekile.

Ukuba khona nje komfantu akwanele ukuze kutholakale imbangela yawo; uphenyo olufanele luyadingeka.

9.3 ipayipi noma ipayipi Ukuguqulwa Kweshidi

Ukuguqulwa okungalindelekile kungase kubonise ukuthi imithwalo yemishini idlule ukuziphatha okuhlosiwe kwesakhiwo.

Abangase babe negalelo bahlanganisa ukunwetshwa kokushisa okuhlukile, ukulayishwa kwengcindezi, amandla angaphandle, noma izinhlanganisela zale miphumela.

9.4 Ukwehluleka Okuphindaphindiwe Ngemva Kokuqalisa noma Ukuvala

Uma ukuvuza noma umonakalo uvela futhi ngemva kokuqala, ukuvala shaqa, noma ezinye izehlakalo ezithile zokusebenza, isikhathi salezi zenzakalo singanikeza ulwazi lokuxilonga oluwusizo.

Abasebenzisi kufanele bagcine amarekhodi okushisa, ingcindezi, namazinga okugeleza ngaphambi nangemuva kwalezi zenzakalo.

Uphenyo lwamaphutha kufanele luqhathanise izimo zokusebenza zangempela nokuqagela komklamo wemishini.

9.5 Ungakuhlukanisa Kanjani Ukulimala Okushisayo Kwezinye Izinkinga

Ukuhlaziywa kokwehluleka okufanelekile kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokukhetha ukulungisa noma ukuguqulwa komklamo.

10. Yini Okufanele Abathengi Bayicacise Ukunciphisa Ingozi Yokucindezeleka Okushisayo?

10.1 Nikeza Idatha Ephelele Yokusebenza Okushisayo

Umphakeli kufanele athole kokubili izimo zokusebenza ze-shell-side kanye ne-tube-side.

Idatha kufanele ihambisane nedizayini yenqubo ephelele.

10.2 Chaza Izimo Ezidlulayo Nezingavamile

Ukuze uthole ukubuyekezwa kokucindezeleka okushisayo okunenjongo, abathengi kufanele babone:

• Ukuthi i-exchanger iqala ngokubanda noma isivele ifudumele

• Amazinga okushisa alindelwe kanye nokupholisa

• Imvamisa yokuqalisa nokuvala okuvamile

• Amathuba okulahleka kokugeleza kungazelelwe

• Ukuhlanza i-steam noma eminye imisebenzi yokuhlanza ekhethekile

• Izimo zokusebenza eziphuthumayo

• Isikhathi sokusebenza esilindelwe kanye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo

• Ukulawula nokuvikela izinhlelo ezifanele

Lapho idatha enembile yezinga lokushisa lesikhashana ingatholakali, umphakeli kufanele ahlonze ukuqagela okudinga ukuqinisekiswa.

10.3 Qinisekisa Ukuklanywa Kwemishini kanye Nobubanzi Bokushicilelwa

Abathengi kufanele babuze umphakeli ukuthi ingabe isishintshisi esihlongozwayo sidinga ukunwetshwa okushisayo okunemininingwane eminingi noma ukuhlolwa kokukhathala.

Ngokuya ngephrojekthi, isiphakamiso sobuchwepheshe singadinga ukukhomba:

• Ukwakhiwa kokushintshisana okuhlongozwayo

• Amamaki e-Shell nama-tube material

• Ikhodi yokuklama esebenzayo kanye noshicilelo

• Idizayini efanelekile namacala okusebenza

• ipayipi izimfuneko zedizayini yokumaka ishidi

• Izidingo ezihlangene zokwandisa, uma zikhona

• Umbhobho wangaphandle nemithwalo yokusekela

• Ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa okudingekayo

• Izidingo zokudweba nokubala-amadokhumenti

Ukutholakala kwezibalo ezinemininingwane kufanele kuvunyelwane njengengxenye yobubanzi bobuchwepheshe nohwebo.

10.4 Uhlu Lokuhlola I-RFQ Yokulungela Ukusebenzisa I-Thermal Stress

Isicelo Sephrojekthi: Imboni ukupholisa / Ukucubungula Amakhemikhali / Ukutholwa Kokushisa / Okunye

isishintshi sokushisa Uhlobo: Okulungisiwe ipayipi ishidi / U- ipayipi / Inhloko Entantayo / Isincomo Somhlinzeki

Umsebenzi Wokushisa: [ kW ]

I-Shell-Side Fluid: [Cacisa]

ipayipi -I-Side Fluid: [Cacisa]

I-Shell-Side Inlet nama-Outlet Temperatures: [ °C ]

ipayipi -I-Side Inlet kanye nama-Outlet Temperatures: [ °C ]

Isilinganiso sokugeleza kohlangothi lweShell: [Cacisa]

ipayipi -Izinga Lokugeleza Eceleni: [Cacisa]

Izingcindezi Zokusebenza Nokwakheka: [Zombili Izinhlangothi]

Amazinga Okushisa Aphezulu Amanzi Aphezulu Naphansi: [Zombili Izinhlangothi]

Okulindelwe Ukuqalisa Nokuvama Kokuvala: [Cacisa]

Ukushisisa kanye ukupholisa Amanani: [Uma Kwaziwa]

Izimo Zokusebenza Ezingavamile: [Cacisa]

I-Steam Cleaning noma Izidingo Zokuhlanza Okushisayo: [Uma Kusebenza]

I-Shell kanye ipayipi Izidingo Zento: [Cacisa / Cela Isincomo]

Ikhodi Yedizayini Esebenzayo: [Cacisa]

Impilo Yempahla Elindelwe kanye Nokuhamba Ngebhayisikili Okushisayo: [Cacisa]

Ukuhlaziywa Kwemishini Edingekayo: [Cacisa / Cela Isincomo]

Izidingo zokulayishwa kwamapayipi kanye ne-Nozzle: [Cacisa]

Izidingo Zokufaka Nokunakekela: [Cacisa]

Amadokhumenti Obuchwepheshe Adingekayo: [Cacisa]

Ubuningi Nendawo Yokulethwa: [Cacisa]

Umkhiqizi kufanele akhombe okucatshangwayo kanye nolwazi olusele ngaphambi kokuphothula umklamo womshini.

11. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Ne-Shell-kanye- ipayipi I-Thermal Stress

11.1 Iyini Imbangela Eyinhloko Yengcindezi Yokushisa Ku-Shell-kanye- ipayipi isishintshi sokushisa ?

Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi umehluko kuma-coefficients wokwanda okushisayo kwezingxenye zokuxhuma ngesikhathi sokusebenza emazingeni okushisa ensimbi ahlukene acindezelwa.

Ezinye izizathu ezibalulekile zifaka ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo, ama-gradient asendaweni ashisayo, umehluko wezinto ezibonakalayo, nokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo okuphindaphindiwe.

11.2 Ingabe Umehluko Okhudlwana Wezinga Lokushisa Uhlala Usho Ingcindezi Ephakeme Yokushisa?

Akunjalo.

Ukucindezeleka kuphinde kuncike ekuvinjweni kwesakhiwo, ukuqina kwengxenye, izakhiwo ezibonakalayo, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa lendawo, kanye nomlando wokusebenza.

Ukwakhiwa okuguquguqukayo kungase kubambe umehluko omkhulu wezinga lokushisa ngempumelelo kunomklamo ovinjelwe kakhulu.

11.3 Kungani I-Fixed- ipayipi i-Shiet Exchangers Izwela Kakhulu Ekukhuliseni Okuhlukile?

Amashubhu namagobolondo awo axhunywe ngamashidi amashubhu angashintshi kuzo zombili iziphetho.

Lokhu kunciphisa ikhono labo lokwandisa ngokuzimela, futhi lapho ama-coefficients of thermal expansion of the shell and tube bundles ehluka, amandla e-axial kanye nokucindezeleka kweshidi le-tube kwenziwa.

11.4 Ingabe i-U- ipayipi isishintshi sokushisa Ingakwazi Ukuqeda I-Thermal Stress?

Cha.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-U-bend kuthwala ukunyakaza okuthile kwe-axial thermal, kodwa ama-gradients okushisa asendaweni, ukulayishwa kwe-U-bend, ukukhathala, izingcindezi zengcindezi, neminye imiphumela yemishini isadinga ukucatshangelwa.

11.5 Ingabe I-Expansion Joint Ivimbela Konke Ukulimala Kwe-Thermal Stress?

Cha.

Ijoyinti lokunweba eliklanywe kahle linganciphisa imithwalo ethile yokunwetshwa okuhlukile, kodwa lethula ingcindezi yalo, ukunyakaza, ukukhathala, kanye nezidingo zokuklama komshini.

Ayiqedi yonke indlela yokucindezeleka okushisayo.

11.6 Ingabe I-Thermal Stress Ingabangela ipayipi Ukuvuza?

Yebo.

Ukulayisha okushisayo okwedlulele kungaba nomthelela ekulimaleni noma ekulahlekelweni kobuqotho emajoyini e-tube-to-tubesheet.

Kodwa-ke, ukuvuza kungase kube nezinye izimbangela eziningana, futhi uphenyo lokwehluleka okufanele luyadingeka.

11.7 Ingabe Ukuqalisa Nokuvala Kufanele Kufakwe Ekuklanyweni Kwemishini?

Yebo, lapho lezi zimo zidala ukulayisha okushisayo noma okusebenzayo.

Ukusebenza kwesikhashana kungase kukhiqize amazinga okucindezeleka angamelwe izimo ezivamile zokuzinza.

Ukuhlaziywa okudingekile kuncike ekwakhiweni kokushintshisana, izimo zenqubo, nemithetho yokuklama esebenzayo.

11.8 Yiluphi Ulwazi Okufanele Abathengi Balunikeze Ngaphambi Kokucela Ikhotheshini?

Abathengi kufanele banikeze amazinga okushisa oketshezi, amazinga okugeleza, izingcindezi zokusebenza nedizayini, izidingo zezinto ezibonakalayo, izimo zokuqalisa nokuvala, okulindelekile ngamabhayisikili ashisayo, nanoma yiziphi izimo zokusebenza ezingavamile.

Lokhu kuvumela umphakeli ukuthi anqume ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlola kwemishini okufanele.

12. Isiphetho: Ukucindezeleka Okushisayo Kufanele Kuhlolwe Njengengxenye Yedizayini ye isishintshi sokushisa

Ingcindezi yokushisa iwukucatshangelwa komshini okubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesishintshi sokushisa kwegobolondo neshubhu, ikakhulukazi lapho igobolondo nenqwaba yeshubhu zithola amazinga okushisa ahlukene noma izinguquko eziphindaphindiwe zokusebenza.

Izimbangela zayo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukunwetshwa kokushisa okuhlukile, ukuvimbela kwesakhiwo, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo, ama-gradients okushisa asendaweni, kanye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo.

Imiphumela ingase ithinte ama-tubesheet, ukuxhunywa kwe-tube-to-tubesheet, amalunga ashiselwe, nezinye izakhi zemishini.

Abashintshi beshidi elingaguquki badinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ngoba igobolondo namashubhu aqondile awakwazi ukwanda ngokuzimela.

Ukuhlelwa kwe-U-tube kanye nekhanda elintantayo kunikeza ezinye izindlela zokubhekana nokunyakaza okuhlukile, nakuba futhi bethula ukucatshangelwa kokuklama nokulungisa.

Konjiniyela nabathengi bezimboni, izenzo ezibalulekile yilezi:

• Chaza kokubili izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elivamile nelingavamile.

• Linganisa ukunwetshwa kokushisa okuhlobene kwezingxenye ezixhunyiwe.

• Cabangela ukuqalisa, ukuvala shaqa, nemijikelezo yokushisa ephindaphindiwe.

• Khetha ukwakhiwa kokushintshisana okufanelekile.

• Sebenzisa izidingo zokuklama imishini ezifanele.

• Buyekeza amajoyinti okunweba, izisekelo, nemithwalo yamapayipi yangaphandle lapho kufanele khona.

• Cela izibalo ezidingekayo zemishini kanye nemibhalo.

Umgomo awukona ukuqeda konke ukwanda okushisayo. Okokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-exchanger ingakwazi ukwamukela ukunyakaza okushisayo okulindelekile kanye nemithwalo ehambisanayo ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo esebenzayo yokuklama kwemishini.

12.1 Hlola i-Shell-kanye- ipayipi isishintshi sokushisa Izixazululo Ezivela Ku Aidear

I-Changzhou Aidear Refrigeration Technology Co., Ltd. inikezela ngezixazululo zesishintshi sokushisa segobolondo neshubhu zokushisisa kwemboni, ukupholisa, ukufaka esiqandisini, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisanayo zokudlulisa ukushisa.

Amaphrojekthi ahlukene angadinga izinto ezihlukene zamashubhu, ukuhlelwa kwe-tubesheet, ukucushwa kwegobolondo, nezimo zokusebenza.

Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezibandakanya ukuhluka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa noma ukuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo okuvamile, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusebenza kufanele kubandakanye ukuhlola komshini okufanele ngaphezu kokubala kokusebenza kokushisa.

Hlola Aidear izishintshi zokushisa zegobolondo namashubhu ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokulungiselelwa komkhiqizo okutholakalayo.

Ukufaneleka kokwakhiwa okuthile, ijoyinti lokunweba, inhlanganisela yezinto ezibonakalayo, noma imfuneko yomklamo womshini kufanele kuqinisekiswe kuphrojekthi ngayinye.

12.2 Cela I-Custom Shell-kanye- ipayipi isishintshi sokushisa Ingcaphuno

Ingabe ukhetha isishintshi sokushisa segobolondo neshubhu ngenqubo enamazinga okushisa aphezulu okusebenza, umehluko obalulekile wezinga lokushisa, noma imijikelezo yokuqalisa nokuvala shaqa evamile?

Yabelana ngomsebenzi wakho we-thermal, i-shell-side kanye nezimo zokusebenza ze-tube-side, izimfuneko zezinto ezibonakalayo, nokuhluka okulindelekile kwezinga lokushisa ne Aidear .

Ithimba lethu lingabuyekeza ulwazi olunikeziwe futhi lixoxe ngokucushwa komkhiqizo ofanelekile, kuncike ekuhloleni kobuchwepheshe kanye nokutholakala komkhiqizo.

Cela I-Quote Yangokwezifiso — Xoxisana Nge-Shell Yakho-kanye- ipayipi isishintshi sokushisa Izimo Zokusebenza No- Aidear .