Indlela Yokukhetha I-Finned Tube Heat Exchanger: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Osebenzayo

Izishintshisi zokushisa zamashubhu ezihlanganisiwe ziyimishini eshisayo ebaluleke kakhulu esetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni ze-HVAC, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, ukukhiqiza amandla, ukucubungula amakhemikhali kanye nezimboni zesiqandisi. Ngokungafani nezishintshisi zokushisa zamashubhu ezivamile ezibushelelezi, zihlanganisa izakhiwo ze-fin ezinwetshiwe endaweni yeshubhu, ekhulisa kakhulu indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa, yenze kahle uketshezi lokushintshaniswa kokushisa, futhi ivumelane nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokushintshanisa ukushisa okuwuketshezi lwegesi. Kodwa-ke, ukukhetha okungalungile kuzoholela kumthamo wokudlulisa ukushisa okwanele, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokweqile, ukungcoliswa njalo, impilo yesevisi emfushane kanye nokwenyuka kwezindleko zokusebenza zesikhathi eside. Ukusiza onjiniyela, abasebenzi bokuthenga kanye nochwepheshe bebhizinisi ukuthi benze izinqumo zesayensi neziphusile, lesi sihloko sihlunga ngokuhlelekile izimiso zokukhetha eziyinhloko kanye nezici eziyinhloko ezinethonya lezishintshi zokushisa zamashubhu.

Isisekelo esiyinhloko sokukhetha isishintshi sokushisa se-tube enefinini siwukucacisa izimo zokusebenza zangempela kanye nezidingo zokudlulisa ukushisa zesimo sohlelo lokusebenza. Yonke imiklamo elandelayo yepharamitha nokukhetha kwezinto ezibonakalayo kufanele kusekelwe kudatha enembile yesimo sokusebenza. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa umgomo oyinhloko wokudlulisa ukushisa, okuhlanganisa umthamo wokushintshanisa ukushisa odingekayo, indawo yoketshezi engenisa amanzi kanye nomehluko wezinga lokushisa lokuphumayo, kanye namazinga okupholisa noma okushisa. Ifomula yokudlulisa ukushisa eyisisekelo Q = U×A×ΔTlm ibonisa ngokusobala ukuthi izinga lokudlulisa ukushisa linqunywa i-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa iyonke, indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa kanye nomehluko wesilinganiso se-logarithmic lokushisa, ohlinzeka ngesisekelo sethiyori sokufanisa ipharamitha ngesikhathi sokukhethwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, ingcindezi yokusebenza kanye nezici ze-fluid medium yimingcele eyisisekelo eyinhloko. Ezimweni ezivamile zezinga lokushisa eliphansi nengcindezi ephansi ezifana nokushisisa umphakathi nomoya ojwayelekile (izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-120℃, ukucindezela okungu-0.1–0.6MPa), amashubhu afakwe uthayela ajwayelekile angahlangabezana nesidingo ngokusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu. Ukuze uthole igesi yokushisa ephezulu, isitimu esinomfutho ophezulu kanye nezindawo zoketshezi olubolayo ezimbonini, kuyadingeka ukufanisa amamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu kanye nalawo amelana nokucindezela okukhulu. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uhlobo lwe-fluid ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-tube kufanele luhlukaniswe: umoya ohlanzekile nabezindaba zamanzi zihambisana nezakhiwo ezivamile, kuyilapho uwoyela, igesi yemfucuza yamakhemikhali kanye nemidiya equkethe usawoti idinga i-anti-corrosion kanye ne-anti-fouling design ehlosiwe.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kunquma ngokuqondile ukusebenza kokudlulisa ukushisa, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nempilo yesevisi yesishintshi sokushisa, futhi kungenye yezixhumanisi ezibaluleke kakhulu kwinqubo yokukhetha. Ishubhu evamile kanye nezinto zokufin ezihlanganisa ithusi, i-aluminium, i-carbon steel nensimbi engagqwali, ngayinye enezimo ezisebenzayo ezihlukile. Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-Copper ne-aluminium-aluminium zine-conductivity enhle kakhulu yokushisa, isivinini sokudlulisa ukushisa okusheshayo nokusebenza okuzinzile, futhi yizinto ezikhethwayo ze-HVAC esebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nemishini yesiqandisi, efanelekile ezindaweni zokusebenza ezihlanzekile nezomile. Amaphiko e-aluminium alula futhi ayabiza, ajwayelana nezinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-200 ℃, kodwa athambekele ekubeni ne-oxidation kanye nokugqwala ezindaweni ezinomswakama nezigqwalile, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kokumboza phezulu kuyadingeka ezimweni ezikhethekile.

Amashubhu ensimbi enziwe nge-carbon steel asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezijwayelekile zokushisisa ezimbonini nasekufakeni komoya ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi namandla azo emishini, ahlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza zezimo zokusebenza ezinomfutho ophakathi nendawo neziphansi. Ezimweni ezinzima zokusebenza ezifana nezitshalo zamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa kwegesi eshisayo eshisa kakhulu kanye nezindawo zasolwandle, insimbi engagqwali (304, 316L, 321) noma izinto ezinengxubevange ephezulu kufanele kukhethwe. Lezi zinto zine-asidi eqinile kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-alkali, ukumelana ne-oxidation ephezulu lokushisa, futhi zingagcina ukusebenza kwesakhiwo esizinzile ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezidlulele zesikhathi eside, zehlise ngempumelelo amazinga okuhluleka kwemishini. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukufanisa izinto ezibonakalayo kufanele kuhambisane: ama-coefficients okwanda okushisayo okungahambisani namashubhu nama-fins azoholela ekubopheni okuxekethile, ukwanda kokumelana nokushisa nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa ngemva kokusebenza isikhathi eside.

Idizayini yesakhiwo se-Fin iyisici esiyinhloko esithinta ukusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kokushisa kanye nokumelana nokusebenza kwesishintshi sokushisa, okuhlanganisa ukuminyana kwe-fin, ukuphakama kwe-fin, ukujiya kwe-fin, uhlobo lwe-fin nemodi yokuhlela ishubhu. I-Fin density iyisici esithonya esinembile kakhulu: ukuminyana okuphezulu kwe-fin kusho indawo enkulu yokudlulisa ukushisa kanye nokusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa, kodwa futhi kuzokwandisa ukumelana nokugeleza komoya kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla abalandeli, futhi kungenzeka kubangele ukunqwabelana kothuli nokungcola. Ukuminyana kwe-Fin ephansi kuletha ukwehla kwengcindezi nokusebenza okungcono kokumelana nokungcoliswa, kulungele igesi ephehlwayo nezimo zokusebenza ezinothuli, kodwa amandla okudlulisa ukushisa alinganiselwe.

Ngokwezinhlobo ze-fin, amaphiko ayisicaba aqhubekayo afanele izimo ze-HVAC ezivamile, ezinenkundla yokugeleza ezinzile nomsindo ophansi; amaphiko amise okwenzeke kanye nezimpiko zikathayela kungaphazamisa ungqimba lomngcele owuketshezi, kuthuthukise izinga lesiphithiphithi, futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa, ezifaneleka kakhulu izinga lokugeleza okuphansi kanye nezimo zesidingo sokudluliswa kokushisa okuphezulu. Ngokuphathelene nokuhlelwa kweshubhu, ukuhlelwa kweshubhu enyakazayo kungaqinisa ukuphazamiseka koketshezi futhi kuthuthukise umphumela wokudlulisa ukushisa, okuyisinqumo esivamile sokushintshisana kokushisa okuphezulu; Ukuhlelwa okusemgqeni kunokugeleza koketshezi olubushelelezi, ukuhlanzwa okulula nokugcinwa kahle, futhi kulungele kangcono izimo zokwelashwa kwegesi engcolile yezimboni ezonakaliswe kalula.

Inombolo yemigqa yamashubhu kanye nesivinini sokugeleza komoya nakho kudinga ukufaniswa okunembayo. Izinhlelo ezivamile ze-HVAC ngokuvamile zamukela imigqa engu-2-4 yezakhiwo zamashubhu, ezilinganisa ukusebenza kahle nokusetshenziswa kwamandla; izinto zokupholisa umoya zezitshalo zamandla kanye nemishini emikhulu yokushintsha ukushisa kwemboni ngokuvamile zisebenzisa imigqa engu-6–12 yamashubhu ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokudlulisa ukushisa kwamandla aphezulu. Ngokwesipiliyoni sembonini, umugqa ngamunye owengeziwe wamashubhu ungakhuphula umthamo wokudlulisa ukushisa ngo-15% -20%, kodwa ukwehla kwengcindezi kuzokhuphuka ngo-30% -50%, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukugwema ukunqwabelana okungaboni kwemigqa yamashubhu. Isivinini sokugeleza komoya esilungile silawulwa ku-2–5 m/s, esingalinganisa ngempumelelo ukudluliswa kokushisa namandla okusebenza kwefeni, ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okudlulele okubangelwa isivinini somoya esiphezulu kakhulu noma ukushintshaniswa kokushisa okunganele okubangelwa isivinini somoya esiphansi kakhulu.

Izimo zokufakwa kwesikhala kanye nokugcinwa kwezinto zokusebenza azinakwa kalula kodwa izinkomba ezibalulekile zokukhetha. Ebunjiniyela bangempela, indawo yokufaka imishini ivamise ukulinganiselwa. Kumayunithi ahlangene we-HVAC kanye nemishini yezimboni emincane, izakhiwo zamashubhu ezinobude obuphansi kanye nokuminyana okuphezulu kufanele zikhethwe ukuze kukhuliswe umthamo wokudlulisa ukushisa ngaphansi komkhawulo olinganiselwe. Ezinhlelweni zezimboni ezinkulu ezinendawo eyanele, amamodeli esakhiwo ajwayelekile angamukelwa ukuze kube lula ukunakekelwa okulandelanayo.

Ukugcineka kunquma ukuzinza kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside kanye nezindleko eziphelele zezinto zokusebenza. Enqubweni yokukhetha, isikhala phakathi kwamaphiko namashubhu kufanele kubhekwe ngokugcwele. Isikhala esincane kakhulu sizoholela ekuhlanzeni okunzima kothuli lwangaphakathi, ukungcola kukawoyela nesikali, okuholela ekuncipheni ngokushesha kokusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa. Kuncanyelwa ukukhetha izakhiwo ezinezikhala ezifanelekile zama-fin kanye namashaneli okuhlanza abekelwe, afakwe amaphaneli okufinyelela akhiphekayo namapani okukhipha amanzi. Ezimweni zokusebenza ezinokonakala okungathi sína, kuyadingeka ukubeka phambili ukwakheka kwesakhiwo esilwa nokungcoliswa kanye nokusekela ukuhlanzwa nokugcinwa kwengcindezi ephezulu njalo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwemishini.

Ukuhlolwa kwezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhethwa kwesayensi, okudinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kokutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala (CAPEX) kanye nezindleko zokusebenza zesikhathi eside (OPEX). Abasebenzisi abaningi bagxila kuphela enanini eliphansi lokuthenga lasekuqaleni futhi bakhethe izishintshi zokushisa ze-carbon steel ezingabizi kakhulu, kodwa baziba ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu okulandelayo, ukunakekelwa okuvamile kanye nempilo emfushane yesevisi. Ingxubevange yethusi-aluminium esebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nezishintshisi zokushisa zensimbi engagqwali zinokutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kokuqala, kodwa ukusebenza kwazo okuhle kakhulu kokudlulisa ukushisa kunganciphisa ngokuphumelelayo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwefeni nokumpompa, futhi izinto zazo ezihlala isikhathi eside zinciphisa izindleko zokushintshwa nokugcinwa, ngezinzuzo zezomnotho ezivelele kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimboni ezahlukene zinezidingo zokukhetha ezisezingeni, ezidinga ukufaniswa ngokuhambisana nezimfanelo zomkhakha. Izimboni ze-HVAC neziqandisi zigxile kokungasindi, umsindo ophansi nokusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa, futhi ikakhulukazi zamukela ama-exchanger okushisa e-copper tube aluminium fin ane-anti-corrosion coating; izimboni zamandla kanye ne-petrochemical zigxila emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ukumelana nokucindezela okuphezulu nokusebenza kwe-anti-corrosion, futhi zikhetha insimbi engagqwali noma i-alloy finned tube equipment; Ukushisisa kwezolimo kanye nezimo ezijwayelekile zokungena komoya ezimbonini zibeka phambili ukusebenza kwezindleko futhi zamukele amashubhu ajwayelekile e-carbon steel finned.

Okokugcina, ukuqinisekiswa kwepharamitha nokuqinisekiswa kwemodeli kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokukhethwa kokuqala. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla okudlulisa ukushisa kwemishini, ukwehla komfutho, izinkomba zokumelana nezinga lokushisa kanye nezinkomba zokumelana nokucindezela zihambisana ngokugcwele nezimo zangempela zokusebenza, futhi silingise isimo sokusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezinzima ukuze kugwenywe ukusebenza kokugcwala kakhulu kwemishini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, khetha abakhiqizi abavamile abaneziqu eziphelele zokukhiqiza kanye nenkonzo ephelele emva kokuthengisa ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba kokucubungula umkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yokufaka, futhi ubeke isisekelo sokusebenza okuzinzile kwesishintshi sokushisa.

Sengiphetha, ukukhethwa kwezishintshisi zokushisa zamashubhu ezifakwe imali kuyiphrojekthi ehlelekile edinga ukulinganisa okuphelele kwesidingo sesimo sokusebenza, ukusebenza kwempahla, imingcele yesakhiwo, indawo yokufaka kanye nezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila. Ayikho imodeli engcono kunazo zonke, kuphela uhlelo olufaneleka kakhulu lokufanisa. Ngokucacisa imigomo eyinhloko yokudlulisa ukushisa, ukuthuthukisa ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nesakhiwo, ukugxila ekulondolozeni nasekusebenzeni kahle kwezomnotho, abasebenzisi bangagwema amaphutha okukhetha, bakhulise ukusebenza kahle kokushintshanisa ukushisa, banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezinga lokuhluleka, futhi babone ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside nokusebenza kahle kwemishini eshisayo.